What method is used for de-icing the leading edge wing and horizontal stabilizer surfaces?

The method of de-icing the leading edge of wing and horizontal stabilizer surfaces involves using inflatable boots. This technology operates through a system of inflatable rubber or polyurethane bladders that are positioned on the surface of the wing and stabilizer. When ice accumulates, these boots inflate, causing the ice to crack and break away from the surface. This technique is particularly effective because it provides a mechanical means to remove ice without relying on heat or chemicals, making it a reliable method in various weather conditions.

Inflatable boots are designed for use on specific aircraft and often complement other de-icing systems, allowing for a multifaceted approach to winter operations. Their mechanical action is advantageous in certain environments where heating or chemical solutions might not be as effective.

The other methods listed, such as heating elements, chemical de-icers, and liquid nitrogen, have their own applications and advantages but are not typically associated with the leading edge de-icing approach on wings and stabilizers. Each of these alternatives has different mechanisms and effectiveness depending on the aircraft design and environmental conditions encountered during flight.